Hormonal therapies can be beneficial for some people with acne because they address one of the underlying causes of breakouts: the influence of hormones on the skin’s oil (sebum) production. They are most commonly used for women and are not appropriate for everyone.
Here’s how they help:
- Reduce excess oil production: Hormones called androgens stimulate the skin’s sebaceous (oil) glands. In some people, higher androgen activity leads to excess oil, which can clog pores and contribute to acne. Certain hormonal therapies reduce this effect, leading to less oil production.
- Target hormonally driven acne: Acne that flares around the menstrual cycle, persists into adulthood, or is concentrated along the jawline and chin may be more likely to have a hormonal component. Hormonal treatments can be particularly effective in these cases.
- Help prevent new breakouts: By reducing the hormonal signals that contribute to acne, these treatments can decrease the formation of new pimples over time.
- Complement other treatments: Hormonal therapies are often combined with topical medications, such as retinoids or benzoyl peroxide, to address multiple causes of acne at once.
Types of hormonal therapies
Common options include:
- Combined oral contraceptives (birth control pills): Certain formulations containing both estrogen and a progestin are approved to treat acne in some women. They can reduce androgen activity and lower oil production.
- Anti-androgen medications: Medications such as spironolactone reduce the effects of androgens on the skin and are sometimes prescribed for women with persistent or hormonally influenced acne.
When results can be expected
Hormonal therapies do not work immediately. Many people begin to notice improvement after 2 to 3 months, with continued benefits over several months of consistent treatment.
Considerations
Hormonal therapies are not suitable for everyone. A healthcare professional will consider factors such as:
- Age and overall health
- Pregnancy status or plans for pregnancy
- Personal and family medical history
- Risk factors for blood clots or certain cardiovascular conditions
- Other medications that could interact with treatment
Potential side effects vary depending on the medication and may include changes in menstrual bleeding, breast tenderness, headaches, or other effects. Your healthcare provider can explain the benefits and risks of each option and determine whether hormonal therapy is appropriate for your situation.
For people whose acne is primarily driven by hormonal factors, these treatments can provide significant improvement, especially when combined with a consistent skincare routine and other acne therapies as needed.
