In a world that often feels fast-paced and chaotic, stories have a unique ability to ground us, reminding us of our shared humanity.
Folktales, in particular, have woven their way through cultures for centuries, carrying with them the wisdom, values, and experiences of generations.
As we explore the influence of these timeless narratives on modern stories, we uncover a rich tapestry of inspiration that continues to shape our understanding of ourselves and the world around us.
Acne develops through a combination of increased sebum production, abnormal shedding of skin cells within the follicle, clogged pores, and inflammation. Hormones play a central role in regulating sebaceous gland activity. When androgen levels rise or when the skin becomes more sensitive to androgens, sebaceous glands may enlarge and produce more oil. Excess sebum mixes with dead skin cells, forming microcomedones that can evolve into blackheads, whiteheads, or inflamed lesions. However, not all breakouts are driven primarily by hormonal shifts. Non-hormonal acne may result more directly from follicular buildup, cosmetic occlusion, bacterial proliferation, or irritation from skincare products.
Hormonal breakouts are often associated with predictable patterns. They commonly appear along the lower face, jawline, and neck and may flare cyclically in individuals who menstruate. These lesions are frequently deeper, more tender, and more inflammatory, sometimes presenting as cystic acne. Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, perimenopause, or conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome can contribute to this pattern. Stress may also indirectly influence hormonal signaling by increasing cortisol, which can affect oil production and inflammation. In these cases, the underlying trigger is systemic rather than purely topical.
Non-hormonal breakouts tend to be more closely linked to local skin factors. Excessive buildup of dead skin cells, inadequate cleansing in humid climates, heavy or comedogenic skincare products, and occlusive makeup can all contribute to clogged pores. This form of acne often presents as comedonal acne, including persistent blackheads on the nose or small closed comedones across the forehead and cheeks. Mechanical friction from masks, helmets, or frequent touching of the face may also contribute. While inflammation can still occur, these breakouts are often more superficial and respond well to adjustments in skincare routine and targeted topical treatments.
Diet, genetics, and environmental exposure can influence both hormonal and non-hormonal acne. High glycemic load diets may indirectly stimulate insulin-like growth factor pathways that increase sebum production. Air pollution can contribute to oxidative stress and barrier disruption, potentially worsening clogged pores. Genetic predisposition affects how reactive sebaceous glands are and how strongly the immune system responds to Cutibacterium acnes within the follicle. These overlapping factors mean that many individuals experience a combination of hormonal and non-hormonal contributors rather than a purely isolated type.
Treatment approaches depend on identifying the dominant driver. For hormonally influenced acne, dermatologists may consider therapies that address androgen activity, such as certain oral contraceptives or anti-androgen medications, alongside topical retinoids to normalize follicular keratinization. For non-hormonal acne, ingredients like salicylic acid help exfoliate inside pores, benzoyl peroxide reduces acne-causing bacteria and inflammation, and retinoids prevent new comedones from forming. Niacinamide may support oil regulation and strengthen the skin barrier, which is beneficial in both types. Consistent sunscreen use is also important, particularly when using active ingredients that increase sun sensitivity.
It is important to maintain realistic expectations. Hormonal acne may fluctuate over time and often requires longer-term management rather than short-term spot treatment. Non-hormonal breakouts may improve more quickly when skincare habits are corrected, but overuse of strong actives can irritate the skin barrier and worsen inflammation. Persistent, painful, or scarring acne should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional to determine whether systemic treatment is appropriate. Understanding the difference between hormonal and non-hormonal breakouts helps guide more targeted, evidence-based care while avoiding unnecessary or ineffective interventions.
