Benzoyl peroxide is one of the most widely used over-the-counter treatments for acne because it targets several of the underlying factors that contribute to breakouts. It has been used for decades and is recommended in many acne treatment guidelines.
Here are the main reasons it’s commonly used:
- Reduces acne-causing bacteria: Benzoyl peroxide kills Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes), the bacteria involved in acne. Unlike topical antibiotics, it has not been associated with bacterial resistance, making it a valuable treatment option.
- Helps keep pores clear: It has mild exfoliating (keratolytic) effects that help remove dead skin cells and reduce clogged pores.
- Reduces inflammation: By lowering bacterial levels and helping clear clogged pores, it can decrease the redness and swelling associated with inflammatory pimples.
- Helps prevent new breakouts: Regular use can reduce the formation of new acne lesions over time, although it may take several weeks to see the full benefit.
How to use it
To reduce the chance of irritation:
- Start with a lower concentration (such as 2.5% or 5%), especially if you have sensitive skin.
- Apply a thin layer once daily or every other day at first, then increase as tolerated according to the product directions.
- Use a gentle, non-abrasive cleanser and apply a non-comedogenic moisturizer if your skin becomes dry.
- Wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day, as irritated skin may be more sensitive to sunlight.
Possible side effects
Common side effects include:
- Dryness
- Peeling
- Redness
- Mild burning or stinging, particularly when first starting treatment
Benzoyl peroxide can also bleach fabrics, including towels, pillowcases, and clothing, so it’s a good idea to let it dry completely before it comes into contact with colored materials.
Combining with other treatments
Benzoyl peroxide is often used together with other acne treatments, such as:
- Adapalene to help normalize skin cell turnover and prevent clogged pores.
- Topical antibiotics (under medical guidance), because benzoyl peroxide helps reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance.
For mild to moderate acne, benzoyl peroxide can be an effective first-line treatment. If acne is severe, causing scars, or not improving after several weeks of consistent use, a dermatologist or other healthcare professional can recommend additional treatment options, which may include prescription medications.
